Abstract: To understand some central presuppositions of Marx’s, such as knowledge and freedom, within an anti-scientistic and anti-bourgeois horizon, central elements within Leibniz and Spinosa are discussed, with a glance at Hegel. Capital turns out to be an anti-Leibnizian monad, while Das Kapital is undergirded by a Spinozist value-political treatise.

Keywords: epistemology, politics, freedom, Marx, Leibniz, Spinoza, First published in International Critical Thought 11.1 (2021): 120–129.